Date: Fri, 25 Mar 1994 9:16:47 -0500 (EST)
From: HALSALL@MURRAY.FORDHAM.EDU
Subject: Holocaust and Gays

Here are some references for the topic of gays during the Holocaust. It
should be added, perhaps, that the Holocaust Museum in DC fully
covers Gay persecution.

Baumgardt, Manfred, "Berlin, ein Zentrum der entstehenden
Sexualenwissenschaften und dir Vorlaufer der
Homosexualitat-Bewegung", "Das Institut fur
Sexualwissenschaft und die Homosexuelle Bewegung
in der Wiemarer Republik", and "Die
Homosexuellen-Bewegung bis zum Ende des Erstern
Weltkreiges", in Eldorado, ed. by the Berlin Museum,
(Berlin: Frolich & Kaufmann, 1984)

Benkert (Kertbeny), K.M., Paragarph 143 des preussichen
Strafgesetzebuches vom14.4.1851 und seine
Aufrechterhaltung als Paragraph 152 im Entwurf
eines Strafgesetzbuches fur den Norddeutschen
Buns..., (Leipzig: 1869); repr. in Jahrbuch fur sexuelle
Zwischenstufen  7 (1905), pp. 1-66
[first use of the word "homosexual"]

Bleuel, Hans Peter, Sex and Society in Nazi Germany,
(Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1974)
[Discusses inter alia, Roehm's murder, and the view
that homosexuals should be drowned in bogs as
amongst the ancient Germans.]

Bock, Gisela, "Racism and Sexism in Nazi Germany", Signs
8:3 (1993)

Eldorado, ed. by the Berlin Museum, (Berlin: Frolich &
Kaufmann, 1984)
[Illustrates history of gay men and lesbians in
Germany before 1950, based on a 1984 exhibition.]

Evans, Richard, The Feminist Movement in Germany, 1894-
1933, (London: Sage, 1976)

Faderman, Lilian & Brigette Erikson, Lesbian-Feminism in
Turn-of the Century Germany, (Weatherby Lake,
Mo.: Naiad Press, 198o)
[History of Lesbianism in Germany 1895-1921,
including Anna Rulings address to the Scientific-
Humantarian Commitee.]

Humantarian Commitee.] en Allemagne", Mercure de
France 161 (1923)

Hamilton, Richard, Who Voted for Hitler?, (Princeton N.J.:
Princeton UP, 1982)

Herzen, W., "Antithetical Sexual Sentiment and Section 175
of the Imperial Penal Law, 1898", in Bernstein on
Homosexuality, trans. Angela Clifford, (Belfast: Athol
Books, 1984)

Herzer, Manfred, "Nazis, Psychiatrists, and Gays", Cabirion
12 (Spring/Summer, 1985)

Hirschfeld, Magnus, "Berlins drittes Geschlecht", & "Sappho
und Socrates", in Documents of the Homosexual
Rights Movement in Germany, 1836-1927, (New
York: Arno, 1985)

Hoess, Rudolf, Commandant od Auschwitz, (London: Pan
Books, 1959)

Hohman, Joachim, Keine Zeit fur gute Freunde, (Berlin:
Foerster Verlag, 1982)

Kokula, Ilse, Der Kampf gegen Unterdruckung, (Munich:
Verlag Frauenoffensive, 1975)
[Development of modern German Lesbian
movement.]

*Lauritsen, John & David Thorstad, The Early Homosexual
Rights Movement (1864-1953), (New York: Times
Chnage Press, 1974)
[First book on the subject in 1970s.]

*Lautmann, Rudiger, "The Pink Triangle: The Persecution of
Homosexual Males in Concentration Camps in Nazi
Germany ", Journal of Homosexuality 6:1/2 (1980),
pp. 141-160

Lautmann, Rudiger & E. Vismar, Pink Triangle: The Social
History of Antihomosexual Persecution in Nazi
Germany, (forthcoming, ref. in Jnl.Homo 6 (1980), p.
160)

Plant, Richard, "The Men with the Pink Triangles",
Christopher Street (Feb. 1978) pp. 4-10

*Plant, Richard, The Pink Triangle: The Nazi War Against
Homosexuals, (New York: Owl/New
Republic/Henry Holt, 1986)
[Probably the best book on the Nazi treatment of
gays, but far from perfect. Useful bibliography.]

*Rector, Frank, The Nazi Extermination of Homosexuals,
(1981)

Steakley, James, "Homosexuals and the Third Reich", in Ed
Jackson & Stan Persky, eds., Flaunting It: A Decade
of Gay Journalism from The Body Politic,
(Vancouver: New Star Books; Toronto: Pink
Triangle Press, 1982), pp. 84-90
[First English account of gays in Nazi Germany, TBP
11 (Feb, 1974)]

*Steakley, James, The Homosexual Emancipation Movement
in Germany, (New York: Arno, 1975)
[Most important text on the issue.]

Steakley, James, "Gays under Socialism: Male
Homosexuality in the German Democratic Republic",
The Body Politic 29 (Dec 1976-Jan 1977), pp. 15-
18

Stumke, Hans-Georg & Rudi Finkler, Rosa Winkel, Rosa
Listen, (Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1981)
[Most comprehensiev treatment of gay movement in
Germany, from Hirshcfeld until now.]

Ulrichs, Karl Heinrich, Forschungen uber das Ratsel der
mannmannlichen Liebe 12 vols. in 1, (Liepzig: 1898;
repr. New York: Arno Press, 1975)


I should perhaps add that the most recent book, in German, on
the issue is not in the above list. This is
Burkhard Jellonek, _Homosexuelle unter dem Halenkreuz_ [Homosexuals
	under the Swastika], [Paderborn: Ferdinand Schoeningh, 1990].

This work is immeasurably more detailed and scholarly than
Plant's, but does not yet seem to have been translated into
English.

Paul Halsall
Halsall@murray.fordham.edu